Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and Pathology in Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rabbits: A Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (SCI/R) injury and to explore its association with pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS Japanese male long-eared rabbits were chosen and divided into 7 groups (8 rabbits in each group): control group (C group), sham-operation control group (S group), and 5 experimental groups (E-2 h group, E-24 h group, E-48 h group, E-7 d group, and E-14 d group). Tarlov scoring and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess hindlimb motor function and observe the expression of glial fiber acidic protein (GFAP), respectively. The correlation between DKI and pathology after SCI/R injury was compared by 3.0TMR scanning DKI. RESULTS Neuroethology in each time point of E groups was significantly different from that in C and S groups (P<0.05). The E-24 h group had the lowest value (P<0.05), and the hindlimb motor function began to recover after 24 h. The expression of GFAP was gradually increased after SCI/R injury, and the maximum value was in the E-7 d group (P<0.05). MK (mean kurtosis) had a linear negative correlation with average optical density (OD) (r=-0.115, P<0.05) and was positively correlated with integral OD (IOD) (r=0.204, P<0.05), in which MD (mean dispersion) was positively correlated with OD and IOD, but without a significant difference (r=0.618, r=251, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS DKI can be used to monitor the changes in SCI/R injury, and fractional anisotropy (FA) can reflect change in white matter structure. The changes in expression of MK and GFAP were related to the myelin sheath injury repair process.